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This tutorial shows you how to accurately replicate a real world light from alighting companyusingPhotometric lights.This particular light consists oftwenty four point light sources (14w LED) in the top and bottom LED boards.

IES file

You can use a Photometric light viewer, such as the one onhttp://www.visual-3d.com to view the IES file provided in the link above. It is depicted in a diagrammatic form for easier understanding:

_{^{IES light profile rendered with MtoaA (left) and viewed with a Photometric light viewer (right).}}

• Start off by creating a Photometric light and position it above the LCD board above the far left LCD hole.
• Duplicate the lights so that there are twenty-four in a row. Duplicate the row and rotate them so that they are pointing downwards as indicated in the image below.

Color Temperature

One aspect of lamp color is its color appearance – whether the light from the lamps look ‘warm’ or ‘cool’ – measured by the correlated color temperature (CCT). Lamps with a warm appearance having a CCT of 2700-3000K are generally considered appropriate in a domestic setting. Lamps of 4000K and above are considered ‘cool’ and are more appropriate for office and some retail applications. The color temperature for this particular light, as indicated by the lighting manufacturer is 4500 K.

• Use the 'Attribute Spread Sheet' window to change MtoA attributes for all of the lights at the same time. Make sure to select the shape node in order to see the MtoA attributes (use the down key ( pickWalkDown ) to select the shape node).

Lighting

Changing the exposure of the lights can be done through the light source. However, it is easier to adjust the exposure using post-processing software if the scene is rendered as a 32 bit EXR image.

_{^{Modify the light exposure in post (rollover image)}}

We can further reduce the over exposed areas on the wall by tone mapping the image. This also helps to reduce noise in the brightly lit areas on the wall.

• Render the scene as a 32-bit EXR.

Before tone mapping After tone mapping

Indirect Lighting

One way to improve noise and render times is to reduce the amount of indirect lighting for the Photometric lights. However, as you can see in the images below, it reduces the amount of bounced light in the scene and therefore we lose some subtle detail.

Indirect 0 Indirect 1

Diffuse Samples

The Photometric lights are quite close to the light and wall and we are getting some noise in the brightly lit areas. Increasing the Photometric light Samples does not improve the noise. Increasing the GI Diffuse Samples reduces noise but will add to render times.

Diffuse Samples 4 Diffuse Samples 2

That concludes this tutorial on using IES files with Photometric lights. You could also try to test IES files from other lighting manufacturerssuch asErco,Lamp,OsramandPhilips.

^{_{Further example}}

_{Many thanks to Astro Lighting for supplying the IES file and RIO light model.}

This page describes the use of V-Ray photometric lights.

Page Contents

Overview

Photometric lights utilize an .ies file which contains the distribution profile for the light. An .ies file contains complete specifications of a real world light bulb or tube including the shape of the light's cone and the steepness of the light's falloff. Such files are usually provided by the manufacturer of the real-world bulb, and the information in those files, gathered through lab experiments, is extremely accurate in its representation of the light source. By loading an .ies file, the light's properties are recreated within 3ds Max and used by V-Ray during rendering.

IES lights are particularly useful for architectural interior renderings, where it can be important to show the actual result of using specific man-made light sources in the scene.

While 3ds Max has standard photometric lights, V-Ray photometric lights are optimized to render faster in V-Ray.

Image courtesy of Sonny Ferian

Create menu > Lights > V-Ray > V-Ray IES Light >
click and drag in a viewport

Create panel > Lights > Choose V-Ray from dropdown > VRayIES >
click and drag in a viewport

V-Ray Toolbar > V-Ray IES Light button >
Click and drag in a viewport

Visualizing IES Profiles

The properties of an IES file can be visualized with Photometric Viewer software, which you can easily find online. Visually, the IES profile uses a graphed curve to show the shape and intensity of the light's emission. Depending on the software used, you might also be able to render a grayscale representation of how the light will look in a scene. Using a Photometric Viewer will help you better understand how the IES files you are using will affect your scene's lighting.

The graph below shows the IES profile of a typical bollard or post light, a type of light commonly used in architectural outdoor scenes. The rendered thumbnail is shown as an inset.

Parameters

enabled – Turns the VRayIES light on and off.

enable viewport shading – When enabled, the effect of the VRayIES light will be visible in the viewport.

show distribution – Shows the IES profile distribution as a mesh around the light source in the viewports.

targeted – Makes the VRayIES targeted.

ies file (button) – Specifies the .ies file that defines the light distribution.

rotation X/Y/Z – Rotates the light shape in relation to the target.

cutoff – Specifies a threshold for the light intensity, below which the light will not be computed. This can be useful in scenes with many lights, where you want to limit the effect of the lights to some distance around them. Larger values cut away more from the light; lower values make the light range larger. If you specify 0.0, the light will be calculated for all surfaces.

shadow bias –Moves the shadow toward or away from the shadow-casting object (or objects). If the Bias value is too low, shadows can 'leak' through places they shouldn't, produce moire patterns, or make out-of-place dark areas on meshes. If Bias is too high, shadows can 'detach' from an object. If the Bias value is too extreme in either direction, shadows might not be rendered at all.

cast shadows – When enabled (the default), the light casts shadows. Turn this option off to disable shadow casting for the light.

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affect diffuse – Determines whether the light is affecting the diffuse properties of the materials.

diffuse contribution – A multiplier for controlling the light's contribution to the diffuse illumination.

affect specular – Determines whether the light is affecting the specular part of the materials.

specular contribution – A multiplier for controlling the light's contribution to the specular reflection.

use light shape – Determines whether and how the shape of the light specified in the .ies light will be taken into consideration during the calculation of shadows and illumination.

No – The light shape will not be considered for illumination and the light is going to generate sharp shadows.
For shadows – The light shape will be considered only for the generation of soft shadows. The illumination will not be affected by the light shape (i.e. it will behave as a point light).
For illumination and shadows – The light shape will be considered for the calculation of the illumination and shadows.

override shape – When enabled, the light profile within the .ies file is ignored. The shape parameter defines the light shape for calculating shadow softness, otherwise IES lights will generate shadows as a point light, casting sharp shadows.

shape – Specifies a shape (and its orientation) for the IES light when override shape is enabled. Some shapes (shown below) enable additional options for size.

• vertical cylinder
• horizontal cylinder (length)
• horizontal cylinder (width)
• ellipse (length)

• ellipse (width)
• ellipsoid (length)
• ellipsoid (width)

height – Specifies the height for applicable light shape types.

width – Specifies the width for applicable light shape types.

length – Specifies the length for applicable light shape types.

diameter – Specifies the diameter for applicable light shape types.

shape subdivs – Most users will not need local control of subdivs, however this parameter controls the number of samples V-Ray takes to compute lighting locally for this light. Lower values create more noise, but render faster. Higher values produce smoother results but take more time to render.

To activate this parameter and specify a value, use the Use local subdivs parameter under the V-Ray tab > Global DMC rollout in the Render Setup window. Note that the actual number of samples also depends on the Global DMC Settings. By default, this parameter is controlled by the Min shading rate parameter in the Advanced/Expert user modes of the Image sampler (Antialiasing) rollout.

color mode – Specifies the mode in which the color of the light will be determined:

color – The light color is directly specified by the Color parameter.
temperature – The light color temperature (in Kelvin) is specified by the Temperature parameter.

color – Specifies the color of the light.

color temperature – Specifies the light color temperature in Kelvin.

intensity type – Specifies the units for light strength:

power (lm) – Sets the units of power in lumens.
intensity (cd) – Sets the units of intensity in candela

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intensity value – Specifies the strength of the light.

area speculars – When disabled, the particular light will be rendered as a point light in the specular reflections

viewport wire color – Changes the wireframe color of the light in the viewport. This is useful to visually recognize groups of lights from one another.

icon text – Turns the viewport icon text on or off.

Exclude – Brings up the 3ds Max include/exclude button which allows the user to exclude objects from illumination and shadow casting.